Introduction The term chronic venous insufficiency most often refers to venous valvular incompetence in the superficial, deep, perforating and/or the nonsaphenous veins of the lower limb. Although it is thought…
Introduction It is not unusual to encounter incidental findings during the course of a venous examination. Some of these findings may be the cause of extremity pain or swelling apart…
Introduction The upper extremity arterial system requires a different diagnostic approach than that used in the lower extremity. Although progression of focal atherosclerosis or acute arterial emboli are almost always…
Key Wordsdeep vein thrombosis, clinical management, algorithms, deep venous thrombosis risk assessment, imaging protocols Introduction Duplex sonography can effectively diagnose the presence of acute and chronic venous thrombosis in…
Introduction Noninvasive testing for lower extremity arterial disease provides objective information that can be combined with the clinical history and physical examination to serve as the basis for decisions regarding…
Introduction Doppler ultrasound is extremely useful in the evaluation of the many problems facing the hemodialysis patient. It is a noninvasive technique that demonstrates vascular detail without the risk of…
Introduction Atherosclerosis of the peripheral arteries is recognized as a major cause of death and disability. It has been estimated that at least 8 million people in the United States…
Introduction A solid familiarity of the anatomy of the upper and lower extremity arteries is required for the evaluation of arterial disease. This chapter provides an overview of the upper…
Introduction This chapter serves as an introduction to the physical and technical aspects of vascular sonography, including the following: (1) ultrasound principles, (2) transducers, (3) instruments, (4) advanced features, and…
Introduction In this chapter, we review the concepts and principles necessary for understanding and interpreting color Doppler images and pulsed Doppler waveforms and discuss the key elements needed for the…
