Introduction This chapter serves as an introduction to the physical and technical aspects of vascular sonography, including the following: (1) ultrasound principles, (2) transducers, (3) instruments, (4) advanced features, and…
Introduction Carotid occlusion is one of the most important diagnoses that is made in the vascular laboratory or imaging department. The distinction between carotid occlusion and near-total occlusion or high-grade…
Introduction The identification of carotid artery stenosis is the most common indication for cerebrovascular ultrasound. The majority of stenotic lesions occur in the proximal internal carotid artery (ICA); however, other…
Introduction Medical screening is the process of using a diagnostic algorithm to detect a disease or the susceptibility to develop a disease. A screening process can consist of a medical…
Introduction A solid familiarity of the anatomy of the upper and lower extremity arteries is required for the evaluation of arterial disease. This chapter provides an overview of the upper…
Introduction In this chapter, we review the concepts and principles necessary for understanding and interpreting color Doppler images and pulsed Doppler waveforms and discuss the key elements needed for the…
Introduction It is not unusual to encounter incidental findings during the course of a venous examination. Some of these findings may be the cause of extremity pain or swelling apart…
Introduction The association of carotid atherosclerotic disease with symptomatic cerebrovascular disease (i.e., transient ischemic attacks), amaurosis fugax, and stroke, is well established. Carotid endarterectomy and stenting are also effective in…
Introduction In 1965, Miyazaki and Kato first reported the use of continuous-wave Doppler ultrasound for the assessment of extracranial cerebral vessels. Despite its rapid development in other medical fields, this…
Introduction Noninvasive imaging during and following carotid artery and peripheral arterial interventions can improve procedural and patient outcomes. Duplex ultrasound imaging alone or in conjunction with extremity systolic blood pressure…
