Technical Basics of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging 3.1 Echocardiography Hashim Abdul-Khaliq Matthias Gutberlet 3.1.1 Introduction Echocardiography, which was introduced in the 1950s, leverages the physical characteristics of ultrasound. Echocardiography1 uses…
Standard Values and Formulas Hashim Abdul-Khaliq Petra Böttler Samir Sarikouch 5.1 Preliminary Remarks This chapter is intended only to provide a brief overview of common standard values tables. The fundamental…
Surgical Treatment for Congenital Heart Defects 2.1 Fundamentals of Surgical Treatment Martin Kostelka Farhad Bakhtiary Friedrich Wilhelm Mohr 2.1.1 Evolution of Congenital Heart Surgery The first successful surgical interventions for…
Cardiogenesis and Classification of Congenital Heart Defects Eberhard Kuenzel Wolfgang Schmidt† 1.1 Cardiogenesis A firm basis of knowledge regarding the regular morphogenesis of the heart and cardiac-adjacent vascular system (normogenesis)…
Rhabdomyoma KEY FACTS Terminology • Hamartoma of developing cardiac myocytes • Most common primary benign cardiac tumor in pediatric patients, highly associated with tuberous sclerosis • 50% of solitary tumors and 100% of…
Ischemia Imaging With CT-FFR Introduction Traditionally, clinicians investigating chest pain in the stable patient population had to decide between the mutually exclusive functional or anatomic testing. With the advent of…
Approach to Heart Failure Introduction Heart failure (HF) is a pathophysiological state in which abnormality of cardiac function is responsible for failure of the heart to pump blood at a…
Imaging Before and After Electrophysiology Procedures Introduction Pre- or intraprocedural imaging has become integral to electrophysiologists to minimize the risks of invasive and technically difficult electrophysiology (EP) procedures. Postprocedural imaging…
Approach to Congenital and Acquired Disease of Aorta Introduction Imaging of the adult aorta requires the recognition that at any given time point, the aorta represents an intersection of 4…
MR Prior to Ablation of Scar in Ventricle KEY FACTS Terminology • Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is potentially lethal arrhythmia that results in very regular, fast heart rate that can lead to…
