The accurate and reproducible assessment of cardiac function is a fundamental aim of noninvasive cardiac imaging. It forms the foundation upon which much of the assessment and management of myocardial…

Clinical cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) had been in use for nearly 35 years and has become firmly established in the evaluation of congenital heart disease (CHD) in many ways, including…

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) can be used to obtain images of the heart in any plane. Thus to define normal anatomy and function, it is useful to define standard imaging…

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has gained popularity over the last decade because of its excellent soft tissue imaging capability and superior spatial resolution as well as lack of ionizing radiation….

Myocardial Oxygenation: Supply Versus Demand Under physiologic conditions, myocardial blood flow (MBF), myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO 2 ), and myocardial mechanics are intimately related. Therefore it is not surprising that…

The physiologic basis for and the general principles of myocardial perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) are covered in detail in other chapters. The key challenge of first-pass dynamic contrast-enhanced acquisition…

Introduction Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging uses the 1 H nucleus in water (H 2 O) and fat (CH 2 and CH 3 groups) molecules as its only signal source,…

During the last three decades, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has developed into an important diagnostic clinical tool in cardiology. Not only the anatomy of the heart but also its function,…

Respiration has been shown to be an important factor influencing the quality of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) images. In addition to cardiac motion, which can be addressed reasonably well by…

The idea of mapping measurements of blood flow onto a magnetic resonance (MR) image was first discussed in an article by Singer in 1978. The methods that followed could generally…