Left Ventricular Systolic Performance and Pathology Shahnaz Punjani and Susan Garwood OF ALL THE INDICATIONS FOR echocardiography, the evaluation of left ventricular (LV) systolic function is perhaps the most common;…
Prosthetic Valves Albert T. Cheung and Scott C. Streckenbach INTRODUCTION The first successful artificial heart valves were implanted in 1960. Starr implanted a Starr–Edwards caged-ball valve in a patient with…
Mitral Valve Repair Maurice Hogan and Jörg Ender INDICATIONS Mitral valve (MV) regurgitation is the most prevalent isolated heart valve disease (1), and valve repair or replacement remains the only…
Transesophageal Echocardiography of the Thoracic Aorta Roman M. Sniecinski ALTHOUGH SIMPLE IN STRUCTURE, THE thoracic aorta is a crucial component of the routine perioperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) examination. Pathologies such…
Transesophageal Echocardiography for Coronary Revascularization Donna L. Greenhalgh, Justiaan L.C. Swanevelder INTRODUCTION TEE provides an astutely trained clinician with essential information which can significantly influence clinical management and improve patient…
Common Artifacts and Pitfalls of Clinical Echocardiography Fabio Guarracino and Albert C. Perrino, Jr. CLINICALLY IMPORTANT IMAGING ARTIFACTS RESULT from the interplay of the ultrasound system, the patient, and the…
Right Ventricle, Right Atrium, Tricuspid and Pulmonic Valves Rebecca A. Schroeder, Barbora Parizkova, and Jonathan B. Mark INTRODUCTION Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is a common concern in the perioperative period….
Two-dimensional Examination Joseph P. Miller OVER THE LAST FEW YEARS there has been a great deal of emphasis on three-dimensional (3D) imaging and new technology in general. Although it is…
Cardiac Masses and Embolic Sources Farid Jadbabaie TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY (TEE) IS AN extremely useful imaging modality for the assessment of cardiac masses and sources of emboli. Enhanced resolution of TEE…
Mitral Valve Stenosis Colleen G. Koch THE 19TH CENTURY PHYSICIAN JEAN Nicholas Corvisart established the diagnostic value of percussion in the physical diagnosis of cardiac disorders. He described the diastolic…
