General Considerations Diffuse involvement of the pancreas can occur with various inflammatory, infective, infiltrative, or neoplastic disorders. Any pathologic process that involves the pancreas focally also can cause diffuse involvement…

Trauma Etiology Urethral trauma may result from blunt, penetrating, or iatrogenic injury. The spectrum of urethral injuries includes contusion, partial or complete disruption, and urethral injury and may involve either…

Technical Aspects Scrotal imaging has been one of the undeniable success stories of modern radiology. The scrotum is predominantly imaged for two clinical indications: the painless scrotal mass and the…

Monitoring the response of tumors to treatment has become an integral component of oncologic imaging. Imaging studies play a vital role in objective assessment by quantifying tumor response to a…

This chapter discusses benign and malignant renal lesions ( Box 63-1 ) with a separate note on cystic lesions based on the Bosniak classification. Box 63-1 Benign and Malignant Focal…

Normal Variants and Congenital Anomalies The spleen begins to develop during the fifth week of embryogenesis when mesenchymal cells aggregate between the two leaves of the dorsal mesogastrium to form…

Renal failure may be classified as prerenal when secondary to a reduction in the renal perfusion pressure gradient, renal when the result of intrinsic disease of the renal parenchyma, and…

Renovascular Hypertension Etiology The most common cause of renovascular hypertension is renal artery stenosis, which may be caused by atherosclerosis (70% to 90%) or less commonly by fibromuscular dysplasia (10%…