4.1 Introduction Conventional radiotherapy and radiosurgery differ in many ways, but the most significant distinction is the time-course of radiation dose delivery. Conventional radiotherapy is delivered in multiple, relatively small…
Terminology and definitions Single-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) Single-fraction SRS is a specialized radiation therapy technique that delivers a single high dose of radiation to the tumor (usually <3 cm in…
2.1 Basic radiobiology The predominant method of damage in fractionated photon-based radiation therapy is damage to the DNA. The damage is primarily caused by reactive oxygen species (free radicals) generated…
1.1 Technical requirements of a stereotactic radiosurgery system Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) requires high doses of radiation to be delivered to a prespecified volume of tissue with remarkably high spatial accuracy…
Ultrasound 14.0 INTRODUCTION The characteristics, properties, and production of ultrasound for clinical applications are described. Ultrasound interaction with tissues, instrumentation, equipment, image acquisition, processing, and display demonstrate how useful acoustic…
Computed Tomography 10.0 INTRODUCTION Computed tomography (CT) has experienced enormous growth in clinical use over the past three decades primarily due to significant advances in image quality and a dramatic…
Magnetic Resonance Basics: Magnetic Fields, Nuclear Magnetic Characteristics, Tissue Contrast, Image Acquisition The protons and neutrons of the nucleus have a magnetic field associated with their nuclear spin and charge…
Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Advanced Image Acquisition Methods, Artifacts, Spectroscopy, Quality Control, Siting, Bioeffects, and Safety 13.0 INTRODUCTION Advanced pulse sequences and fast image acquisition methods; methods for perfusion, diffusion, and…
Radiation Detection and Measurements 17.0 INTRODUCTION The detection and measurement of ionizing radiation are the basis for the majority of diagnostic imaging. In this chapter, the basic concepts of radiation…
Radionuclide Production, Radiopharmaceuticals, and Internal Dosimetry 16.0 INTRODUCTION This chapter presents the various forms by which radionuclides are produced for use in radiopharmaceuticals to include cyclotrons, fission reactors, and parent-progeny…
