Degenerative Joint Disease Osteoarthritis Degenerative joint disease (osteoarthritis, osteoarthrosis) is the most common form of arthritis. In its primary (idiopathic) form, it affects individuals aged 50 years and older; in…
Malignant Bone Tumors I: Osteosarcomas and Chondrosarcomas Osteosarcomas Osteosarcoma (osteogenic sarcoma) is one of the most common primary malignant bone tumors, comprising approximately 20% of all primary bone malignancies. There…
Lower Limb III: Ankle and Foot Ankle and Foot The ankle is the most frequently injured of all the major weight-bearing joints in the body. Most victims are young adults…
Lower Limb I: Pelvic Girdle, Sacrum, and Proximal Femur Pelvic Girdle Fractures involving the structures of the pelvic girdle, which are usually sustained in motor vehicle accidents or falls from…
Upper Limb III: Distal Forearm, Wrist, and Hand Distal Forearm An injury to the distal forearm, caused predominantly (90% of cases) by a fall on the outstretched hand, is common…
Benign Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions III: Fibrous, Fibroosseous, and Fibrohistiocytic Lesions Fibrous Cortical Defect and Nonossifying Fibroma Fibrous cortical defects and nonossifying (nonosteogenic) fibromas are the most common fibrous lesions…
Lower Limb II: Knee Knee The vulnerability of the knee, the largest joint in the body, to direct trauma makes knee injuries very common throughout life. Most acute injury to…
Anomalies of the Upper and Lower Limbs Anomalies of the Shoulder Girdle and Upper Limbs Congenital Elevation of the Scapula Sprengel deformity, as congenital elevation of the scapula is also…
Osteomyelitis, Infectious Arthritis, and Soft-Tissue Infections Osteomyelitis Osteomyelitis can generally be divided into pyogenic and nonpyogenic types. The former may be further classified, on the basis of clinical findings, as…
Benign Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions IV: Miscellaneous Lesions Simple Bone Cyst The simple bone cyst (SBC), also called a unicameral bone cyst, is a tumor-like lesion of unknown cause, representing…
