Fig. 13.1 Lucencies in the central portion of the distal femoral epiphysis (white arrow) of an 8-year-old boy Fig. 13.2 Irregularities at the periphery of the medial (and, to a…

Cerebral palsy Location Common musculoskeletal imaging abnormalities Comment Spine Long C-shaped thoracolumbar scoliosis with pelvic obliquity, elongated vertebral bodies, increased thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis Early detection and treatment may prevent…

Fig. 23.1 Diagram demonstrating histological abnormalities in bone with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). (a) Normal bone for comparison. (b) Diminished thickness due to impaired periosteal bone formation in OI. Trabeculae are…

Fig. 15.1 Fibular ossicle in a 15-year-old boy. Apparent irregularity (arrow) along lateral fibular metaphysis on frontal view (a) has well-corticated margins (arrowheads) on oblique view (b). There is no…

Fig. 3.1 Sclerotome division and reconvergence. Sclerotome division allows the spinal nerves to emerge from the neural tube and extend to the periphery (a). The sclerotome then reconverges to form…

Usual course: 8–10 months of rapid growth shortly after birth followed by involution US High vascular density (5 vessels/cm2) Many surrounding vessels have low-resistance waveforms Usually hypoechoic and well defined…

Fig. 12.1 Intertrochanteric fracture in a 15-year-old girl whose leg tangled in a swing as she fell. The fracture (arrow) required plate and screw fixation Femoral head dislocations are largely…

Radiography:  Early: deep soft tissue swelling  Mid: cortical fraying  Late: moth eaten MRI: positive 2 days after symptoms  Overestimates extent  T1 wide zone of transition  Cortical destruction and periosteal elevation…

Arthritis Inclusionary criteria Systemic arthritis Arthritis in at least one joint  2 weeks’ fever consecutive at least 3 days  Rash, generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly/splenomegaly, or serositis Oligoarthritis (persistent) Arthritis of 1–4…

Fig. 27.1 Posterior spinal fusion (PSFI) with instrumentation. (a, b) There are hooks (white arrows) above the laminae of T2, and screws (black arrows) have been inserted through the pedicles…