Fig. 5.1 Curved array transducers are used for the performance of renal ultrasound. Seen in this image are two different widths of curved array transducers, large footprint (left) and small…

This concept of a Doppler shift is used to measure blood flow velocity whereby the shift in sound-wave frequency is detected by the ultrasound transducer after encountering active blood flow….

The resistive index (RI) is the peak systolic velocity (PSV) minus the end diastolic velocity (EDV) divided by the PSV. The proper location of measuring RI is at the corticomedullary…

Fig. 14.1 A 48-year-old female with a right congenital pelvic kidney and 1 cm stone. Note that there are no usual boundaries such as liver or spleen On the other…

1. Measurement of bladder volume 2. Measurement of post-void residual 3. Measurement of prostate size and morphology 4. Assessment of anatomic changes associated with bladder outlet obstruction (a) Bladder wall…

Fig. 15.1 Ultrasound probes used in urology . (a) Linear array (b) section/vector (c) curved array (d) laparoscopic (e) transrectal biplane (f) robotic ultrasound probe Linear: The linear array scanners…

Fig. 4.1 There are a large number of parameters and settings which may be modified by the user. These seven represent commonly used adjustments and functions for manipulating image quality…

Renal and bladder • Urinary tract infection—febrile or recurrent nonfebrile • Prenatal GU abnormality • Voiding dysfunction • Renal colic • Palpable abdominal mass • Single umbilical artery • Hypertension…

Fig. 9.1 Curved array transducer position Fig. 9.2 (a) Two-dimensional orientation of translabial ultrasound image in midsagittal line. U urethra, V vagina, R rectum (b) Illustration demonstrating pertinent anatomy in…

Fig. 10.1 TRUS findings suspicious for prostate cancer. (a) Lobar asymmetry, capsular bulging, increased blood flow, and deflection of the junction between the TZ and PZ can all be indicators…