2Hernias Hernias occur when there is an anatomical defect or an area that is weakened, allowing abdominal contents such as small bowel, omentum, etc. to herniate. KEY POINTS The most…

1 Esophagus Esophageal Carcinoma Overview Adenocarcinoma • Most common esophageal cancer in the United States • More common in the lower third of the esophagus Squamous cell carcinoma • Most…

10 Kidney Renal Cyst Overview Usually benign and found in population over the age of 50 years Signs and Symptoms Usually asymptomatic and incidentally found on imaging Diagnosis CT, ultrasound,…

11 Spleen Splenic Artery Aneurysm Overview Most common visceral artery aneurysm Third most common intra-abdominal aneurysm after abdominal aortic aneurysm and iliac artery aneurysm Risk factors include collagen vascular disorder,…

4 Gallbladder Gallbladder Disease Overview Cholesterol gallstones (85%) are the most common • Risk factors: Four Fs (female, fertile, fat, and forty) • Due to imbalance between bile, lecithin, and…

9 Appendix Appendicitis Overview Most common in teenage years and patients in their 20s Rate of appendectomy for appendicitis is 10 per 10,000 patients per year Usually due to lymphoid…