Etiology Erectile dysfunction manifests clinically most commonly as impotence and less commonly as priapism. The causes of impotence can be psychogenic, endocrinologic, neurogenic, anatomic, infectious, pharmacologic, or vasogenic. Vasogenic causes…
Splenic Cysts Non-Neoplastic and Nonparasitic Splenic Cysts Etiology Non-neoplastic and nonparasitic splenic cysts are classified into primary (i.e., epithelial, true) and secondary (i.e., pseudocysts, false) cysts, depending on the presence…
The urinary bladder is composed of the following four layers: 1. Urothelium: Transitional epithelium 2. Lamina propria: Vascular layer of connective tissue deep to the urothelium 3. Muscularis propria: Detrusor…
Recent technical advances in computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have resulted in improved detection of subtle changes in adrenal gland morphology. The different morphologic patterns of adrenal…
Autoimmune Pancreatitis Etiology Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a peculiar form of chronic pancreatitis characterized by a fibroinflammatory process involving multiple organs with characteristic histopathologic and serologic features, association with other…
A ureteral stricture is a narrowing of the ureter that results in a functional obstruction. It may be the result of a variety of benign and malignant causes, which may…
Focal gallbladder wall thickening is often an imaging diagnosis and encompasses a wide variety of differential diagnoses. Polypoid lesions of the gallbladder form an important group of conditions that are…
Anatomy Overview The Kidney The kidneys are paired retroperitoneal organs that primarily function in the excretion of metabolic waste. They are bean shaped with a convex lateral border and a…
Etiology Urinary tract anomalies encompass a wide range of abnormalities from the multiple varied components of the urinary tract—the renal parenchyma, the collecting system, the bladder, the urethra, and the…
Etiology Urinary tract obstruction (UTO) is a syndrome that may be caused by a wide range of pathologic processes. It may vary in the following: • Degree: May be partial…
