Known etiologies Possible etiologies Parental chromosomal abnormality Environmental exposures Untreated hypothyroidism Heritable and/or acquired thrombophilias Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus Infection Septated congenital uterine anomaly Maternal alcoholism Asherman’s syndrome Polycystic ovarian syndrome…
Fig. 7.1 Normal early gestational sac. (a) Transabdominal transverse image at 5 weeks, 1 day, showing an apparently empty early gestational sac (white arrow) eccentrically located within the decidua (black…
Fig. 14.1 Multiple corpora lutei. This is indicative of multiple follicular ovulation. Multiple corpora lutei can be a sign of a dizygotic pregnancy; however, it is also frequently seen with…
Fig. 2.1 Cervix measurement The baseline evaluation of the uterine body traditionally includes several features, comprising the overall size in standard dimensions of the uterus (length, height, width), position, the…
hCG (mIU/mL) # (202) % Third–Fourth international standard <1000 162 80.2 1000–1499 19 9.4 1500–1999 12 5.9 ≥2000 9 4.5 Table 16.2 Reevaluation of the threshold and discriminatory levels [11]…
F femur, H humerus, T tibia, R radius aModified from ref. [4] In 2004, Souka et al. [6] published on the feasibility of examining cardiac and non-cardiac fetal anatomy in…
Fig. 17.1 Niche/defect left behind by the previous CD. (a) Sagittal image of the niche marked by an arrow (Cx cervix). (b) Three-dimensional orthogonal images of the uterus showing the…
Chromosomal 10.0 % Single gene 3.0 % Familial 14.5 % Multifactorial 23.0 % Teratogens 3.2 % Uterine anomalies 2.5 % Twinning 0.4 % Unknown 43.2 % aBased on data from…
Fig. 12.1 Fetal circulatory pathways showing the three shunts, ductus arteriosus (DA), ductus venosus (DV), and the foramen ovale (FO). The via sinistra (red) directs blood from the umbilical vein…
Fig. 21.1 Subserosal fibroid. Transvaginal grayscale transverse image of the uterus demonstrates a round heterogeneous mass, measuring 0.51 cm wide (+), projecting beyond the contour of the uterus. The gestational…
