10.1055/b-0034-87909 The Temporal Bone: Congenital Anomalies During embryonic development, the external and middle ear are derived from the first and second branchial groove and pouch. The inner ear is derived…
10.1055/b-0034-87908 The Temporal Bone: Normal Variants Knowledge of normal variants prevents confusion and a possible incorrect diagnosis. Normal variants are also important to report if they can cause a risk…
10.1055/b-0034-87917 The Pediatric Vertebral Column: The Spinal Canal and Its Contents Localized Spinal Stenosis Caused by Bony Changes See page 442 for generalized stenosis. Standard investigation includes radiographs in at…
10.1055/b-0034-87914 The Pediatric Vertebral Column: Anomalies of the Spinal Canal and Neural Arches Narrowing of the Spinal Canal (Spinal Stenosis) Narrowing of the spinal canal may be generalized and thus…
10.1055/b-0034-87912 The Pediatric Vertebral Column The vertebral column consists of 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, and 5 lumbar levels, as well as 5 sacral segments and a few coccygeal levels. The…
10.1055/b-0034-87895 The Skull Base The skull base is one of the most complex regions of the human body because of its intricate network of neural, vascular, and lymphatic structures. An…
10.1055/b-0034-87891 Sutures and Fontanelles: Widened Sutures as a Symptom of Defective Ossification In this instance, no signs of increased ICP are present. Usually, the suture has sharp edges without prominent…
10.1055/b-0034-87893 Sutures and Fontanelles: Nonlinear Lucencies, Single or Multiple Table 4.4 Nonlinear lucencies Diagnosis Findings Comments Emissary veins Round smooth-bordered “holes” in the calvaria, marginal sclerosis, typical anatomic location. An…
10.1055/b-0034-87890 Sutures and Fontanelles The width of the sutures is highly variable in neonates; therefore, measurements are not reliable. Plain film, ultrasound (US), and computed tomography (CT) can be used…
10.1055/b-0034-87892 Sutures and Fontanelles: Linear Lucencies Linear structural discontinuities may be observed at the level of the inner table, outer table, or diploë, or may entail the full thickness of…
