NERVOUS SYSTEM
Axis Anomalies 1. Persistent ossiculum terminale = Bergman ossicle √ unfused odontoid process > 12 years of age DDx: type 1 odontoid fracture 2. Odontoid aplasia (extremely rare) 3. Os odontoideum = independent os cephalad to…
AND GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
viral infection (CMV, malaria, EBV); congenital disease; metabolic abnormality (Gaucher disease, amyloidosis); neoplasm (leukemia, lymphoma, hemangiomatosis, angiosarcoma) 3. Gynecologic causes:hemorrhagic ovarian cyst (usually corpus luteal / follicular cyst); ectopic pregnancy; HELLP…
BILE DUCTS, PANCREAS AND SPLEEN
MULTILOCULAR CYSTIC HEPATIC LESIONS A. CONGENITAL 1. Polycystic liver disease B. NEOPLASTIC 1. Biliary cystadenoma / ~carcinoma 2. Hepatocellular carcinoma 3. Cystic metastasis: neuroendocrine tumor, melanoma, GIST, mucinous colorectal / mucinous ovarian carcinoma; treated metastasis 4. Inflammatory…
Adrenal, Ureteral, Vesical, and Scrotal Disorders
NHL > Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin disease √ bilateral multiple renal masses: √ slightly hyperattenuating relative to renal parenchyma on NECT √ hypoattenuating homogeneous masses during nephrographic phase on CECT √ direct extension of retroperitoneal…
System Disorders
ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA = AVF = abnormal communication between artery + vein resulting in tremendous amount of flow due to high pressure gradient → enlargement + elongation of draining veins; NO nidus Cause:…
NOSE AND THROAT7
fracture, cholesteatoma, paraganglioma, hemangioma, facial nerve schwannoma, metastasis, Bell palsy, otitis media • loss of lacrimation, hyperacusis, loss of taste C. EXTRACRANIAL PAROTID SEGMENTforceps delivery, penetrating facial trauma, parotid surgery, parotid malignancy,…
and Soft-Tissue Disorders
◊ Actinomycotic infections are polymicrobial! Pathogenesis: trauma / surgery / foreign body → disruption of mucosal barrier → bacterial entry into deep tissues → fibrotic lesion spreading beyond fascial planes → abscess…
and Ocular Disorders
= NO-FLOW / LOW-FLOW VASCULAR MALFORMATION= LYMPHATICOVENOUS MALFORMATION Prevalence: 3.5÷100,000; 1–2% of orbital childhood masses; 4–8% of expanding pediatric orbital lesions; 25% of vasculogenic orbital lesions Origin: arises from a pluripotent venous…
