Radiology Key

Fig. 2.1 Still frame of an angiogram showing a left anterior descending artery and its septal branches. (a) Flow is seen in the septal branches which course through the myocardium…

Fig. 12.1 Acute chest pain initial testing algorithm based upon pre-test probability of CAD Several studies have been published over the past 40 years correlating stress testing to ICA. The…

Where Q=flow, μ = blood viscosity, L= length stenosis, and Aa= cross-sectional area. Moreover, as blood flow converges towards a stenosis a trans-lesion pressure gradient is formed as denoted in…

Catheter Ultrasound method Catheter size (F) Frequency range (MHz) Depth of field (cm) Steerability Doppler/color ViewFlex PLUSa Phased-array 9 4.5–8.5 Up to 21 Anterior/posterior, 120° Yes AcuNav# Phased-array 8 or…

Fig. 10.1 Patterns of coronary calcification by IVUS. Calcification is defined as superficial (a) or deep (b) when the leading edge of the attenuated signal is within the shallowest or…

Typical angina  1. Substernal chest discomfort with a characteristic quality and duration  2. Worse with exertion or emotional stress  3. Relieved by rest or nitroglycerin Atypical angina: meets two of…

Fig. 1.1 Figure displaying normal ostia of the left and right coronary arteries arising from the left and right coronary cusps, respectively. Notice the ostia arise between the margin of…

Fig. 5.1 Distribution of causes of sudden death in 1,435 young athletes (From Maron [55] with permission) Normal Coronary Anatomy A fundamental issue in the definition of coronary anomalies lies…

Reference vessel diameter (mm) MLA (mm2) Sensitivity (%) Specificity (%) IVUS <3.0 <2.4 63 67 3.0–3.5 <2.7 58 75 >3.5 <3.6 57 71 OCT ≥3.0 1.95 82 63 <3.0 1.62…

Fig. 6.1 Pressure, resistance, and response to metabolites of epicardial coronary arteries, arterioles, and the microvasculature (From Camici and Crea [2] with permission) (a) Resistance arteries (100–400 μm) (pre-arterioles): these…