Approach based algorithms
10.4: Approach based algorithms 10.4.1 RENOVASCULAR HYPERTENSION Ankur Gupta, Vasantha Kumar Venugopal Introduction Hypertension (HT) is a common condition affecting approximately 20% of adults and 2%–10% of children of all…
Normogram and normal values
9.3: Normogram and normal values Ritu K. Kashikar, Shrinivas B. Desai Introduction Knowledge regarding normal dimensions of organs is important as visceromegaly is the first and often only abnormality in…
Paediatric inflammatory bowel disease
7.11: Paediatric inflammatory bowel disease Kavita Saggar, Archana Ahluwalia, Devinder Pal Singh Dhanota, Geetika Khanna, Chander Gupta Learning objectives 1. To list the advantages and disadvantages of various imaging modalities…
Anorectal malformations
7.6: Anorectal malformations Arun Gupta, Manisha Jana, Devasenathipathy Kandasamy Introduction Anorectal malformations (ARM) are uncommon congenital malformations. They can either be found as an isolated anomaly or in association with…
Other renal vascular interventions
10.21: Other renal vascular interventions 10.21.1 NONVASCULAR RENAL INTERVENTION Amitha Vikrama Introduction Nonvascular renal interventions have come a long way and have significantly reduced the surgical mortality and morbidity. It…
Gastrointestinal masses in children
7.7: Gastrointestinal masses in children Rashmi Dixit, Anju Garg Introduction Abdominal masses are a common clinical problem in children, arising from virtually any abdominal organ. Masses arising from the gastrointestinal…
Bladder and urethral abnormalities in children
10.11: Bladder and urethral abnormalities in children Anmol Bhatia, Kushaljit Singh Sodhi, Akshay Kumar Saxena Introduction Congenital as well as acquired anomalies of the bladder and urethra are a significant…
Embryology
11.6: Embryology Fouzal Introduction Sex differentiation is a complex process that begins at the time of fertilization with genetic sex determination. The sexual genotype (46, XX or 46, XY) directs…
