Pancreatitis
Anatomy, embryology, pathophysiology ◼ The pancreas is a lobulated, unencapsulated gland located in the anterior pararenal space of the retroperitoneum. ◼ Pancreatic development: two outpouchings or buds develop from the…
Imaging of the postoperative bowel
Types of bowel surgeries, their indications, and postprocedural anatomy Esophagectomy All esophagectomy techniques involve partial or complete resection of the esophagus with a new anastomosis to esophagus, stomach, or bowel….
Colorectal cancer and screening
Anatomy ◼ Adenomas can develop anywhere in the colon or rectum but are seen with the greatest frequency in the sigmoid colon. ◼ The frequency of polyp occurrence in each…
Mesenteric ischemia
Anatomy ◼ The arterial supply of the small bowel is predominantly from the celiac axis and superior mesenteric artery (SMA). ◼ The inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) and the internal iliac…
Bowel wall thickening
Anatomy, embryology, pathophysiology ◼ Most of the small and large bowels originate from the midgut, except the proximal duodenum (up to the ampulla of Vater), which originates from the foregut,…
Small bowel obstruction
Anatomy, embryology, pathophysiology ◼ The small bowel is a long, mobile, and compressible tubular structure located in the mid-abdomen, surrounded circumferentially by the large bowel. ◼ The small bowel caliber…
Hollow viscus perforation
Anatomy, embryology, pathophysiology ◼ Extraluminal air is a worrisome finding that should immediately heighten the suspicion of the radiologist to a potentially life-threatening complication. ◼ The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is…
Gastric wall thickening/masses
Anatomy, embryology, pathophysiology ◼ The stomach is anatomically subdivided into the cardia, fundus, body, and antrum, with inflow regulated by the lower esophageal sphincter and outflow by the pyloric sphincter….
Gastrointestinal fluoroscopy
Techniques ◼ Fluoroscopy is an imaging modality where continuous x-ray images are obtained to evaluate the body in real time, often with the aid of administered radiopaque contrast material (…
Abdominal radiography
Anatomy, embryology, pathophysiology ◼ There are five distinct densities in plain radiography, four of which are natural: gas (black), fat (dark gray), soft tissue (medium gray), calcifications (white), and metal…
