10.1055/b-0036-129609 Proximal Humerus Fractures and Shoulder Dislocations Michael J. Gardner and Andrew H. Schmidt Proximal humerus fractures represent up to 5% of all fractures, and they most often occur in…
10.1055/b-0036-129623 Femoral Shaft Fractures Brent L. Norris and Nikola Marko Dobrasevic Fractures of the diaphysis (shaft) of the femur are nearly always the result of relatively high-energy trauma. The femur…
10.1055/b-0036-129612 Elbow Trauma Gertraud Gradl, Neil G. Harness, and David Ring The surgical treatment of adult elbow trauma, including traumatic elbow instability, has evolved rapidly in recent years because problems…
10.1055/b-0036-129630 Ankle Fractures and Dislocations Cory Collinge, Derek Dombroski, and Keith Heier The ankle is the most commonly injured weight-bearing joint of the body,1 and most orthopedic surgeons routinely treat…
10.1055/b-0036-129622 Subtrochanteric Femur Fractures Stephen H. Sims, William D. Lack, and Ari D. Levine Fractures of the subtrochanteric region of the proximal femur can be especially challenging to manage, and…
10.1055/b-0036-129621 Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures Thomas A. Russell Extra-articular fractures of the proximal metaphyseal region of the hip, commonly referred to as intertrochanteric or pertrochanteric fractures, are the most common surgically…
10.1055/b-0036-129629 Distal Tibia Fractures Sean E. Nork Fractures of the distal tibia are among the most difficult injuries facing the orthopaedic traumatologist. Although both extra-articular and intra-articular patterns occur with…
10.1055/b-0036-129613 Forearm Fractures Jonathan B. Macknin and Harry A. Hoyen Diaphyseal radius and ulna fractures are common injuries, so the orthopaedic surgeon must have a firm understanding of their evaluation…
10.1055/b-0036-140301 2 Ventricles and Cisterns Introduction 2.1 Lateral ventricles—common masses 2.2 Common third ventricular masses 2.3 Fourth ventricular lesions 2.4 Small ventricles 2.5 Dilated ventricles 2.6 Abnormal or altered configuration…
10.1055/b-0036-138097 24 Anatomy and Craniocervical Junction 24.1 Spine Anatomy The vertebral column is the central supportive structure of the body, linking the skull base to the pelvis, with the ribs…
