Master and Oppenheimer described the first stress test in 1929. Several methods of assessing myocardial ischemia have subsequently been developed, including those that incorporate electrocardiograms (ECGs), echocardiography, myocardial scintigraphy, and,…
Approximately 550,000 Americans will suffer an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) each year. Despite major advances in AMI therapies, mortality and incident heart failure (HF) remain significant problems. Five-year mortality is…
Considerable progress in myocardial perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has been achieved recently and its diagnostic performance has been documented in single-center and multicenter trials. From single-center trials, and particularly…
The development of ultrahigh field magnetic resonance (UHF-MR, B 0 ≥ 7 T, f ≥ 298 MHz) is moving forward at an amazing speed that is breaking through technical barriers almost as…
The accurate and reproducible assessment of cardiac function is a fundamental aim of noninvasive cardiac imaging. It forms the foundation upon which much of the assessment and management of myocardial…
Clinical cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) had been in use for nearly 35 years and has become firmly established in the evaluation of congenital heart disease (CHD) in many ways, including…
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) can be used to obtain images of the heart in any plane. Thus to define normal anatomy and function, it is useful to define standard imaging…
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has gained popularity over the last decade because of its excellent soft tissue imaging capability and superior spatial resolution as well as lack of ionizing radiation….
Myocardial Oxygenation: Supply Versus Demand Under physiologic conditions, myocardial blood flow (MBF), myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO 2 ), and myocardial mechanics are intimately related. Therefore it is not surprising that…
The physiologic basis for and the general principles of myocardial perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) are covered in detail in other chapters. The key challenge of first-pass dynamic contrast-enhanced acquisition…
