Optimizing the breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol requires many decisions to be made about image acquisition techniques, types of pulse sequences, and sequence parameters used to control image quality…
Optimal breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) interpretation depends on the image reader’s ability to both detect and accurately characterize contrast enhanced breast lesions. Detecting areas of enhancement involves the tedious…
Breast cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death in women. Mammography is the single large-scale method currently employed in screening for breast cancer in asymptomatic women. Although the…
Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was introduced into the breast imaging community in the 1990s. A considerable number of research studies were conducted, with findings revealing promising results Breast MRI…
The Fetal Skeletal System INTRODUCTION Ultrasound in the first trimester provides a distinct advantage over ultrasound in the second and third trimester of pregnancy for the evaluation of the fetal…
The Fetal Central Nervous System INTRODUCTION The evaluation of the fetal central nervous system (CNS) is an important aspect of ultrasound in the first trimester given that several major malformations,…
The Fetal Gastrointestinal System INTRODUCTION Ultrasound examination of the fetal abdomen in the first trimester includes the assessment of abdominal organs from the diaphragm superiorly to the genitalia inferiorly. This…
The Fetal Heart and Great Vessels INTRODUCTION Fetal cardiac examination in the first trimester focuses in general on the evaluation of body situs, the four chambers, and the great vessels…
The Fetal Face and Neck INTRODUCTION Visualization of the fetal face and neck in early gestation is an important aspect of the ultrasound examination as it has been incorporated in…
Placenta and Umbilical Cord INTRODUCTION The placenta is a highly specialized organ that supports growth and development of the fetus and serves as the interface between the maternal and fetal…
