The process of counseling families carrying a fetus with congenital heart disease (CHD) is perhaps one of the most difficult and challenging tasks professionals in the field of fetal medicine…
Key Echocardiographic Features • Position of the morphological right ventricle on the left, giving rise to the aorta, and the morphological left ventricle on the right, giving rise to the…
Key Echocardiographic Features • Position of the conal septum in relation to the ventricular septum and size of the ventricular septal defect created • Degree of posterior deviation of the…
Key Echocardiographic Features • Large malalignment type of ventricular septal defect. • Single semilunar valve, that of the aorta, arising from the heart. • No antegrade flow into the pulmonary…
Key Echocardiographic Features • Size of the atrial septal defect • Size of the ventricular septal defect (large = complete, small = transitional, none = incomplete) • Valve attachments to…
Key Echocardiographic Features • Large malalignment type of ventricular septal defect • Large overriding aorta • Rudimentary, primitive pulmonary valve tissue with both stenosis and severe insufficiency • Massively dilated,…
Key Echocardiographic Features • Identification of malalignment of the conal septum anteriorly into the right ventricular outflow tract • Pulmonary annulus size either equal to or smaller than the aortic…
Introduction Recent years have seen an ever-burgeoning literature based on three-dimensional ultrasonography (3DUS) of the fetus. 3DUS of the fetal heart presented particular challenges, related to the difficulties of imaging…
Key Echocardiographic Features • Location of defect on the atrial septum • Relationship of the defect to the superior and inferior vena cava (sinus venosus type of atrial septal defect)…
Practice care models for the fetus with cardiovascular disease are varied, evolving, and continuously improving. Diagnostic capacities are increasing through the use of targeted ultrasound and fetal echocardiography. Fetal cardiovascular…
