Radiation therapy is an important modality in the management of patients with intrathoracic malignant neoplasms and primary and secondary chest wall neoplasms. Radiation therapy for these tumors usually results in…
Bronchiolitis refers to a wide variety of inflammatory and fibrotic disease processes affecting the small airways. Bronchiolitis is common and may be the primary manifestation in various clinical settings (e.g.,…
Aspiration refers to the misdirection of contents of the oral or upper gastrointestinal tract that have passed through the trachea and larynx and entered the lung. The diagnosis rests mostly…
Fat Embolism Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology The term fat embolism refers to the presence of globules of free fat within the pulmonary vasculature. Fat embolism is common among trauma patients,…
Etiology Pulmonary edema is defined as an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the extravascular compartments (interstitial and airspace) of the lung. Traditionally, pulmonary edema has been divided into hydrostatic edema…
Etiology Pulmonary embolism (PE) refers to blood clot(s) within the pulmonary arterial system, usually caused by migration of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) from the lower extremities. Rarely, emboli are from…
The wide variety of tracheal diseases includes both benign and malignant conditions that may manifest as tracheal masses, focal or diffuse tracheal thickening, or tracheal calcification. Tracheal tumors, inflammatory conditions…
Etiology The number of drugs recognized to cause an adverse pulmonary reaction of one kind or another is reported to be more than 600 and continues to rise yearly with…
Etiology Pulmonary edema is defined as an excess of fluid in the extravascular compartment of the lung and is classified into four categories based on pathophysiology: hydrostatic edema, permeability edema…
The most common pneumoconioses are silicosis, coal workers’ pneumoconiosis, and asbestosis (see Chapters 61 and 62 ). There are numerous rare pneumoconioses related to variable occupational dust exposures. Hard metal…
