Anatomy 6.1.1 Biliary Fluid Biliary fluid is composed of 85% water, 10% bile salts, 3% glycoproteins, 1% fat, and 0.7% inorganic salts. A total volume of approximately 1 liter of this…

Anatomy Location and divisions The mediastinum extends from the thoracic inlet to the diaphragm and is bounded laterally by mediastinal pleura. The mediastinum constitutes a single, coherent space that has…

External and Internal Genitalia The female external genitalia (vulva) extend from the mons pubis across the introitus (opening of the urethra and vagina) to the perineum. The internal genitalia consist…

Anatomy 7.1.1 Position The pancreas is a secondarily retroperitoneal, intra-abdominal gland that is covered anteriorly by peritoneum. 1 The abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava run posterior to the pancreas. The…

Imaging Ultrasonography, including color duplex sonography and power Doppler, is still the primary modality for imaging diseases of the testis and epididymis. MRI is a valuable adjunct that can add…

Anatomy The spleen is an intraperitoneal organ located just below the diaphragm in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. It is protected laterally by the ribs and it borders…

Anatomy The left adrenal gland is located anteromedial to the upper pole of the left kidney. The right adrenal gland is located at a slightly higher level (see ▶ Fig….