Confounding Effects in Arterial Spin Labeling Danny J.J. Wang María A. Fernández-Seara Hanzhang Lu Introduction Perfusion imaging methods generally can be divided into three categories depending on the transport properties…
Pseudo-Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling David C. Alsop Ajit Shankaranarayanan Continuous labeling of inflowing arterial blood as it flows past a selected labeling plane is an elegant and advantageous strategy for…
Readout and Background Suppression Techniques David Thomas Matthias Günther Xavier Golay Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a low-sensitivity method. As explained in Chapter 15, the general signal expected in ASL…
Basic Principles of Arterial Spin Labeling: Continuous versus Pulsed Arterial Spin Labeling Yufen Chen John A. Detre Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that uses…
Oxygen Extraction Fraction (OEF) Imaging Weili Lin Hongyu An Thomas Christen Energy in most of the human organs is provided through oxidative metabolism. O2 is bound to the hemoglobin molecule,…
Vessel Size Imaging Valerij G. Kiselev Heiko H. Schmiedeskamp Vessel size imaging (VSI) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modality for evaluating the mean capillary caliber in the brain. This…
Susceptibility Contrast in Tissues: Gradient Echoes versus Spin Echoes Jerrold L. Boxerman Matthias J.P. van Osch Kathleen M. Schmainda Introduction This chapter summarizes susceptibility-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast and…
Xe-Enhanced CT Perfusion Measurements Andrew P. Carlson Howard Yonas Introduction and Rationale for Ongoing Relevance of Xe/CT Xenon-enhanced computed tomography (Xe/CT) is one of the most accurate methods for obtaining…
Contrast Agent Safety and Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis Moazzem Kazi Georg Bongartz Martin R. Prince Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis Introduction Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a rare disease typically found among individuals…
MR and CT Contrast Agents for Perfusion Imaging and Regulatory Issues Henrik S. Thomsen Peter Dawson Michael F. Tweedle Introduction The term “contrast” has its origins in photography but is…
