Fig. 14.1 Immunotherapy and vaccination Among the delivery methods tested, the combination of high frequency ultrasound (1–10 MHz) and gas bubbles (e.g., microbubble, nanobubble, liposomal bubble) was introduced as a…
Fig. 10.1 Pictographic essay of sonoporation for drug and gene delivery (Adapted from Servier Medical Art, www.servier.fr) The first experiments on sonoporation date back to the 1980s, where various ultrasound…
Fig. 15.1 Schematic summary of the transvascular-interstitial-transmembrane pathway in USMB-mediated drug delivery. (a) Potential mechanisms responsible for the passage across the vessels include creation of temporary gaps between vascular endothelial…
Fig. 20.1 Ultrasound cavitation 20.2.3 Ultrasound Sonochemistry Ultrasound has been used to invent novel chemical reactions and to enhance the reaction rate. This is called sonochemistry. Ultrasonic cavitation converts acoustics…
Fig. 2.1 Ablatherm® integrated imaging device The lateral position of the treatment allows gas bubbles produced in the coupling liquid during heating of the prostate to rise by buoyancy to…
Fig. 16.1 The Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) is composed of endothelial cells that are connected to each other via tight junctions. The endothelial cells are supported by the cells of the…
Fig. 1.1 (a) Schematic diagram showing the principle of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). (b) Slice of ex-vivo bovine showing a HIFU lesion. (c) Histological section showing the sharp demarcation…
Fig. 4.1 Dynamic contrast-enhanced bilateral 3 T MRI with fat suppression showing a mass in the right breast with an irregular enhancement pattern (a). The lesion has suspect enhancement kinetics…
Fig. 3.1 Obstruction of the acoustic beam path by the thoracic cage. As the left illustration displays, only the caudal part of the kidneys can be reached by an extracorporeal…
Fig. 11.1 Illustration of the physical mechanisms underlying the biological effect of soft or hard shell Ultrasound Contrast Agents (Adapted from Kiessling et al. 2014) 11.2.3 Drug Delivery with UCA…
