F femur, H humerus, T tibia, R radius aModified from ref. [4] In 2004, Souka et al. [6] published on the feasibility of examining cardiac and non-cardiac fetal anatomy in…

Fig. 17.1 Niche/defect left behind by the previous CD. (a) Sagittal image of the niche marked by an arrow (Cx cervix). (b) Three-dimensional orthogonal images of the uterus showing the…

Chromosomal 10.0 % Single gene 3.0 % Familial 14.5 % Multifactorial 23.0 % Teratogens 3.2 % Uterine anomalies 2.5 % Twinning 0.4 % Unknown 43.2 % aBased on data from…

Fig. 12.1 Fetal circulatory pathways showing the three shunts, ductus arteriosus (DA), ductus venosus (DV), and the foramen ovale (FO). The via sinistra (red) directs blood from the umbilical vein…

Fig. 21.1 Subserosal fibroid. Transvaginal grayscale transverse image of the uterus demonstrates a round heterogeneous mass, measuring 0.51 cm wide (+), projecting beyond the contour of the uterus. The gestational…

Mean sac diameter (mm) Predicted age range (weeks) = 95 % CI 2 5.0 (4.5–5.5) 3 5.1 (4.6–5.6) 4 5.2 (4.8–5.7) 5 5.4 (4.9–5.8) 6 5.5 (5.0–6.0) 7 5.6 (5.1–6.1) 9 5.9…

Fig. 18.1 Complete hydatidiform mole with classic diffuse vesicular changes. Figure provided by Dr. Carol B. Benson, Director of Ultrasound, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Professor of…

Indication Association with cardiac defects (%) Other structural anomalies [103] 21 Increased nuchal translucency [104] 7 Tricuspid regurgitation [47] 5.1 Previous history of CHD [37] 8.7 Abnormal ductus venosus [105]…

Ultrasound clinical application 1976 1986 1991 Ophthalmic 17 17 50 Fetal, neonatal, pediatric imaging 46 94 720 Cardiac (adult) 430 430 720 Peripheral vascular 720 720 720 aAdapted from various…

Fig. 10.1 Early gestational sac with hCG = 420 mIU/mL Discriminatory Value The discriminatory value is that level of hCG above which all normal intrauterine pregnancies should be seen. An early study,…