Inferior Vena Cava
Inferior Vena Cava Richard Gordon Matthew Lyon INTRODUCTION Ultrasound evaluation of dynamic change in inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter has become useful for the diagnosis and treatment of acutely ill…
ULTRASONOGRAPHY
Lung and Thorax
Lung and Thorax Calvin Huang Andrew S. Liteplo Vicki E. Noble INTRODUCTION Before the emergence of point-of-care ultrasound, the evaluation of thoracic complaints comprised history, physical exam findings, including lung…
Fundamentals of Ultrasound
Fundamentals of Ultrasound Kenneth Kelley John S. Rose Aaron E. Bair INTRODUCTION The clinical application of ultrasound relies on a foundational understanding of the physical properties of sound waves. The…
The History and Philosophy of Emergency Ultrasound
The History and Philosophy of Emergency Ultrasound Stephen R. Hoffenberg INTRODUCTION Emergency ultrasound is a standard emergency physician skill (1,2). It is taught in emergency medicine residencies (3,4), tested on…
Obstetric Ultrasound–Second and Third Trimester
Obstetric Ultrasound–Second and Third Trimester US is widely used in the evaluation of pregnancy with more than 70% of all pregnancies in the United States undergoing sonographic evaluation [1]. Indications…
Abdomen Ultrasound
Abdomen Ultrasound Imaging Technique The abdomen is examined with sector or curved array transducers using frequencies of 5.0 to 2.25 MHz. The highest frequency that allows adequate penetration is used…
Vascular Ultrasound
Vascular Ultrasound Vascular US is based upon the use of the Doppler effect first described in 1842 by the Austrian mathematician Johann Christian Doppler. As applied to diagnostic US, the…
Chest Ultrasound
Chest Ultrasound Sonography is complementary to chest radiography and CT in the evaluation of pathologic processes in the thorax. US commonly reveals abnormalities not shown by other imaging methods (Fig….
Female Pelvis Ultrasound
Female Pelvis Ultrasound Sonography plays the primary role in imaging of the female pelvis. CT and MR are supplemental techniques used when the US examination is equivocal and in the…
Musculoskeletal Ultrasound
Musculoskeletal Ultrasound US evaluation of the musculoskeletal system is a rapidly expanding area of sonographic diagnosis. Indications include assessment of soft tissue infections, detection and characterization of soft tissue masses,…
