Lower Extremity The anterior muscles of the thigh include the sartorius muscle (38), and the four components of the quadriceps muscle (39). The most anterior is the rectus femoris (39a),…

Contrast Injectors Indications In contrast-enhanced CT and MRI, it is desirable to have a homogeneous intravascular distribution of the contrast medium (CM) for the duration of the contrast study to…

Solutions to Test Yourself! The exercises and solutions have been numbered consecutively. Some of the exercises have several different correct solutions. If the exercises can be solved simply by referring…

Anatomy in Sagittal MPRs The images on the next seven pages illustrate the sectional anatomy of the chest and abdomen as it appears in a right-to-left series of sagittal reconstructions….

Chest CT After having discussed normal anatomy of caudal cervical sections (p. 67), normal thoracic anatomy is presented. From this page on, you will find the number codes for the…

Dual Source CT z-Flying Focal Spot Several techniques have been established that can provide submillimeter resolution with short breath holds, even in routine protocols. The entire x-ray tube rotates in…

Anatomy in Coronal MPRs The images on the next four pages illustrate the sectional anatomy of the abdomen as it appears in coronal reconstructions. These multiplanar reconstructions (MPRs) can be…

CT-Guided Interventions It is not always possible to determine the nature of a lesion from CT appearance and densitometry alone. In these cases, needle biopsies may be carried out under…

Radiation Safety The physical radiation dose D (energy absorbed per unit mass) is expressed in Gray (Gy), used for any type of radiation and also in the radiation therapy of…

Cranial CT: Normal Findings The scan usually begins at the base of the skull and continues upward. Since the hard copies are oriented such that the sections are viewed from…