Changes in Bone Density: Decreased
10.1055/b-0034-87945 Changes in Bone Density: Decreased Several terms are commonly used to describe the decreased density of bones. Osteoporosis is a disease of reduced bone mineral density that leads to…
Skeletal Maturation
10.1055/b-0034-87946 Skeletal Maturation Table 5.93 Skeletal maturation: accelerated maturation Diagnosis Comments Endocrine Comparison with an atlas of normal maturation will show the acceleration. Prolonged elevation in sex steroids. DD: precocious…
Lethal Dysplasias
10.1055/b-0034-87947 Lethal Dysplasias Lethal skeletal dysplasias have been classified into 11 major categories and the genes responsible are known for several. Several may be diagnosed prenatally. The more common ones…
Fracture Dating
10.1055/b-0034-87948 Fracture Dating Estimation of fracture age should be approached with caution. The current timeline for estimating fracture age ( Table 5.97 ) is based on anecdotal experience of seasoned…
Child Abuse
10.1055/b-0034-87949 Child Abuse Table 5.98 Child abuse: conditions that masquerade as child abuse and simulate the classic metaphyseal lesion (see Table 5.44) Diagnosis Comments Birth trauma After low segment cesarean…
Metaphysis
10.1055/b-0034-87932 Metaphysis The Erlenmeyer flask shape describes the distal femur when the metaphysis is broad and the transition zone of the diaphysis is wide ( Fig. 5.67 ). The Erlenmeyer…
Diaphysis (Long Bones): Dysmelia
10.1055/b-0034-87934 Diaphysis (Long Bones): Dysmelia Table 5.48 Dysmelia: general syndromes Diagnosis Findings Comments Amniotic band syndrome Fig. 5.85a, b, p. 552 The skeleton proximal to the deformity is characteristically normal….
Epiphysis: Supernumerary Epiphyseal Ossification Centers
10.1055/b-0034-87930 Epiphysis: Supernumerary Epiphyseal Ossification Centers Supernumerary epiphyseal ossification centers are often seen in diseases with greatly delayed bone growth. Table 5.34 Epiphysis: supernumerary epiphyseal ossification centers Diagnosis Findings Comments…
hest Wall (Including the Scapula and Clavicle): The Sternum
10.1055/b-0034-87919 Chest Wall (Including the Scapula and Clavicle): The Sternum Table 5.1 Sternum: congenital, genetic, and syndromic diseases that may alter the sternum Diagnosis Findings Comments Variations in normal anatomy…
Growth Plate
10.1055/b-0034-87931 Growth Plate Table 5.39 Physis: widened growth plate Diagnosis Findings Comments Rickets Fig. 5.63 Blurring and widening of the margins of the physis. Osteopenia with resorption of trabeculae. Deficient…
