Benign Masses
Benign Masses Although we place much emphasis on detecting microcalcifications and anguish over their characterization, we need to recognize that most invasive ductal carcinomas present as a mass. In contrast,…
Interventional Procedures
Interventional Procedures DUCTOGRAPHY The evaluation and management of patients presenting with nipple discharge is variable among clinicians. Commonly, a prolactin level is checked, and some of the discharge is submitted…
The Altered Breast
The Altered Breast EXCISIONAL BIOPSY CHANGES Accurate preoperative wire localization methods now facilitate minimal volume biopsies, and an increasing number of minimally invasive imaging-guided needle biopsies have reduced the need…
Malignant Lesions
Malignant Lesions INVASIVE DUCTAL CARCINOMA Invasive ductal carcinoma not otherwise specified (NOS), or no special type, is the most common type of breast cancer, representing 65% to 75% of mammary…
Calcifications
Calcifications Calcifications developing in the breast are variable in number and appearance. Most calcifications detected in patients on screening mammograms reflect a benign etiology. A small percentage develop in association…
Breast Ultrasound
Breast Ultrasound EQUIPMENT AND TECHNICAL ISSUES Spatial resolution in ultrasound is defined as axial, lateral, and elevation resolution (Figure 4.1). Axial resolution is the ability to resolve two adjacent structures…
Screening Mammography
Screening Mammography QUALITY-CONTROL TESTS Quality-control tests done daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, and semiannually by the technologists, as required under the Mammography Quality Standards Act (MQSA) (1) and the American College…
The Male Breast
The Male Breast Our approach to male patients presenting with breast-related symptoms includes marking the area of concern with a metallic BB and obtaining craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique views of…
Emerging Technologies
Emerging Technologies This chapter is a brief introduction to some of the significant emerging technologies in breast imaging. Listed under each technology are some basic definitions, strengths and weaknesses, data,…
Miscellaneous
Miscellaneous DIFFUSE BREAST CHANGES Changes that affect the breast diffusely can be difficult to perceive mammographically, particularly if the process is bilateral and evolving slowly. Comparison with prior films can…
