The Orbits: Orbital Masses
10.1055/b-0034-87899 The Orbits: Orbital Masses Table 4.33 Globe Diagnosis Findings Comments Retinoblastoma Fig. 4.122, p. 374 Fig. 4.123, p. 374 Radiograph/CT: usually calcified mass in child < 3 y. (see…
Sutures and Fontanelles: Craniosynostosis
10.1055/b-0034-87894 Sutures and Fontanelles: Craniosynostosis Craniosynostosis is a premature fusion of cranial sutures in infants that may lead to profound changes in craniofacial shape. These changes are a result of…
The Orbits
10.1055/b-0034-87897 The Orbits Table 4.24 Small orbit Diagnosis Findings Comments Anophthalmia/microphthalmia CT/MRI: proportionate decrease in size of orbit on all imaging modalities. Absent ocular tissue in anopthalmia. Small complete globe…
The Neck: The Salivary Glands
10.1055/b-0034-87905 The Neck: The Salivary Glands Table 4.50 Unilateral masses Diagnosis Findings Comments Pleiomorphic adenoma US: solid, well-defined, homogeneous, hypoechoic mass ± echogenic foci, with calcification. CT: If small, well-marginated…
The Neck: Thyroid Gland
10.1055/b-0034-87906 The Neck: Thyroid Gland Table 4.52 Enlarged thyroid Diagnosis Findings Comments Goiter US: Diffusely enlarged hypoechoic gland with increased vascularity. If multinodular, goiter is enlarged and asymmetrical with several…
Oral Cavity: The Jaw and Teeth
10.1055/b-0034-87903 Oral Cavity: The Jaw and Teeth Table 4.41 Cystic lesions: dental Diagnosis Findings Comments Periodontal/radicular cyst/periapical cyst Radiograph (panorex): well-circumscribed radiolucency around apex of tooth surrounded by thin rim…
Oral Cavity: The Pharynx
10.1055/b-0034-87902 Oral Cavity: The Pharynx Table 4.40 Pharyngeal/prevertebral soft-tissue swelling Diagnosis Findings Comments Normal: anterior buckling (expiration±flexion) in the ear lobe Lateral radiograph: “pseudothickening”—if neck not adequately extended or flexed…
Nasal Cavity: Paranasal Sinuses
10.1055/b-0034-87901 Nasal Cavity: Paranasal Sinuses Table 4.38 Small/absent sinuses Diagnosis Findings Comments Congenital absence Absence of frontal sinuses in 5% of population. Cretinism Delayed/decreased pneumatisation of sinuses. Down syndrome Absent…
Nasal Cavity: The Nares and Nasal Passages
10.1055/b-0034-87900 Nasal Cavity: The Nares and Nasal Passages Table 4.37 Opacification Diagnosis Findings Comments Choanal atresia/stenosis Fig. 4.134 CT: measure width of both posterior choanae at maximum stenosis and width…
