Nonmediastinal Injury Chest trauma is directly responsible for 25% of all trauma deaths and is a major contributor in another 50% of all trauma mortality. Chest trauma may be blunt…

Hip/Proximal Femur Alan Rogers Joseph S. Yu The hip is a common site of trauma and when injured can have a significant impact on the patient’s well-being. Worldwide the total number of…

Shoulder Hamid Torshizy Tudor H. Hughes Christine B. Chung The shoulder girdle is a general term describing a complex network of soft tissue and osseous structures, demarcated by numerous joints, which serve to…

Firearm-related injury is the second leading cause of death following motor vehicle collision. For every firearm death it is estimated that there are three to five other nonfatal firearm injuries….

Pelvic Fractures Howard J. O’Rourke Georges Y. El-Khoury Osseous Emergencies Mechanisms and Patterns of Fractures of the Pelvis The pelvis is a complex series of articulations supported by a strong ligamentous network….

Intracranial Hemorrhage Arash Meshksar Wayne S. Kubal Nontraumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage Initial Diagnosis Although many cases of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), including intra-axial and extra-axial hemorrhage, are due to trauma, this discussion will be…

Traumatic Brain Injury Monique Anne Meyer Wayne S. Kubal Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs when an external mechanical force results in tissue and cellular damage within the brain that may lead to…

Midfacial Trauma Ken F. Linnau Indications and Rationale for Repair The overt physical manifestation of facial trauma often causes acute psychologic distress and long-term psychologic sequelae in addition to the loss…

Acute inflammatory and infectious soft tissue disorders are important conditions that affect nearly 2 million people in the United States every year. Inflammation versus infection of the skin, subcutaneous tissues,…

Cervical Spine Emergencies Mark Bernstein Alexander B. Baxter F.A. Mann Each year in North America approximately 3 million patients are evaluated for spinal injury. Although the incidence of vertebral fracture and spinal cord…