Abstract Fetal adrenal abnormalities can arise from either structural or functional anomalies. Structural abnormalities can be visualized on ultrasound as solid or cystic structures, such as neuroblastoma or hemorrhage. Congenital…
Abstract A congenital cystic adenomatous malformation is a developmental lung malformation consisting of abnormal hamartomatous or dysplastic lung tissue and bronchoalveolar structures. The diagnosis can be made during fetal life…
Abstract Bronchopulmonary sequestration is a congenital developmental lung pathology characterized by a supernumerary lung tissue that receives its blood supply by a systemic feeding artery usually originating from the descending…
Abstract There are three abnormalities of kidney location: simple renal ectopia or pelvic kidney, crossed renal ectopia, and horseshoe kidney. Simple renal ectopia is a kidney that is located on…
Abstract Fetal hydrothorax is an intrathoracic effusion that arises in the fetus, may occur unilaterally or bilaterally, and may be primary or secondary. It constitutes a nonspecific finding, because it…
Abstract Scimitar syndrome is a rare congenital pulmonary anomaly characterized by a unilateral anomalous pulmonary venous drainage consisting of an aberrant vein that drains the lung blood flow into the…
Abstract Other thoracic tumors can be found in fetal life, which are not described in previous chapters. Bronchogenic cysts are masses derived from abnormal budding of the ventricular diverticulum that…
Abstract The most common cause of fetal bladder outlet obstruction is posterior urethral valves. Ultrasound examination shows a dilated, thick-walled bladder, often with dilatation of the proximal urethra—the “keyhole” sign….
Abstract Measurement of fetal kidney size can assist in the diagnosis when a renal abnormality is suspected. Fetal kidney size increases with gestational age. Nomograms are available for kidney length,…
