Tracheal Diseases
The wide variety of tracheal diseases includes both benign and malignant conditions that may manifest as tracheal masses, focal or diffuse tracheal thickening, or tracheal calcification. Tracheal tumors, inflammatory conditions…
Drug-Induced Lung Disease
Etiology The number of drugs recognized to cause an adverse pulmonary reaction of one kind or another is reported to be more than 600 and continues to rise yearly with…
Permeability Pulmonary Edema
Etiology Pulmonary edema is defined as an excess of fluid in the extravascular compartment of the lung and is classified into four categories based on pathophysiology: hydrostatic edema, permeability edema…
Uncommon Pneumoconioses
The most common pneumoconioses are silicosis, coal workers’ pneumoconiosis, and asbestosis (see Chapters 61 and 62 ). There are numerous rare pneumoconioses related to variable occupational dust exposures. Hard metal…
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is defined as a mean pulmonary arterial pressure of greater than 25 mm Hg at rest or 30 mm Hg with exercise, with an elevated pulmonary vascular resistance…
Silicosis and Coal Workers’ Pneumoconiosis
Etiology Silicosis and coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP) are occupational lung diseases; silicosis is caused by continued exposure to excessive amounts of respirable silica, and CWP is caused by exposure to…
Metabolic and Storage Lung Diseases
Metabolic and storage lung diseases are a broad group of diseases and syndromes characterized by underlying biochemical or metabolic dysfunctions. Accurate diagnosis is difficult because these diseases are often indolent,…
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis
Etiology, Prevalence, and Epidemiology Pulmonary vasculitis is traditionally characterized by size of vessel involvement as defined by the Chapel Hill nomenclature. Within the small-vessel vasculitides, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis…
