Fig. 32.1 Reversible pathogenesis of osteonecrosis Table 32.1 Screening tests for thrombophilia, hypofibrinolysis, and impairment of nitric oxide production Thrombophilia PCR studies G1691A Factor V Leiden G20210A prothrombin C677T/A1298C MTHFR…
Fig. 30.1 A core biopsy specimen of bone marrow edema syndrome (stain, hematoxylin and eosin; original magnification, ×100) shows hematopoietic cells are depleted and fatty cells are necrotic in the…
Direct risk factors Trauma – fracture, dislocation Sickle cell disease Human immunodeficiency virus infection Chemotherapy Radiation Indirect risk factors Corticosteroids Alcohol abuse Tobacco use Systemic lupus erythematosus Myeloproliferative disorders Gaucher’s…
Fig. 41.1 At 1 cm distal to the vastus ridge, a guide pin is inserted to the direction of the center of necrosis under the guidance of the image intensifier…
Fig. 58.1 Regional incidence of Perthes’ disease per 100,000 children aged <15 years, 1964–2009. Studies are ordered by latitude. CI confidence interval, IR incidence rate, UK United Kingdom, US United…
Fig. 43.1 Superselective angiography. The deep circumflex iliac (DCI) artery is shown The external diameter of the DCIA is usually around 2–2.5 mm and can be easily handled without microscopic…
Fig. 15.1 Plain radiographs of a 45-year-old man with right femoral osteonecrosis show linear sclerosis (arrow) in the right femoral neck (a, b). These look like a femoral neck fracture…
Fig. 62.1 An experimental study of the pathogenesis of femoral head deformity following ischemic osteonecrosis of the immature femoral head in the piglet model. (a) Radiographs of the central region…
Risk factors for multifocal osteonecrosis 1. Corticosteroid use 2. SLE 3. Sickle-cell disease 4. HIV infection 5. Alcohol abuse 6. Multiple sclerosis 7. Coagulation disorders 8. Inflammatory bowel disease 9….
Fig. 55.1 Anteroposterior radiograph of the knee demonstrating a radiolucent (osteonecrosis) lesion (orange circle) of the medial femoral condyle with collapse of the weight bearing portion Figs. 55.2 and 55.3…
