Pediatric Skeletal Trauma
Cornelia Wenokor, MD Pediatric bones are softer than adult bones as they are more porous and less well mineralized. There are distinct anatomic differences between the pediatric and adult bone,…
Imaging Modalities Used in Musculoskeletal Radiology
Introduction Radiographs Computed Tomography Ultrasound Magnetic Resonance Imaging Molecular Imaging (Nuclear Medicine) Bone Scan PET Scan INTRODUCTION No single modality is all-encompassing for musculoskeletal diagnosis. Rather, each modality is like…
Skeletal Trauma: General and Unique Considerations in Children
Fig. 17.1 Supracondylar fracture involving the metaphysis of the distal humerus. (a, b) This is the most common fracture (arrows) in the pediatric elbow. Note joint effusion 1 Pediatric Fracture…
The Pelvis and Hip: Congenital and Developmental Conditions
Fig. 11.1 Cartilage between the femoral head and greater trochanter is continuous in this 3-months-old, as they develop from one block of cartilage (coronal US). Ilium (arrow), triradiate cartilage (open…
The Lower Extremity: Congenital and Developmental Conditions
Fig. 13.1 Lucencies in the central portion of the distal femoral epiphysis (white arrow) of an 8-year-old boy Fig. 13.2 Irregularities at the periphery of the medial (and, to a…
Neuromuscular Diseases
Cerebral palsy Location Common musculoskeletal imaging abnormalities Comment Spine Long C-shaped thoracolumbar scoliosis with pelvic obliquity, elongated vertebral bodies, increased thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis Early detection and treatment may prevent…
Generalized Disorders and Syndromes of Orthopedic Importance
Fig. 23.1 Diagram demonstrating histological abnormalities in bone with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). (a) Normal bone for comparison. (b) Diminished thickness due to impaired periosteal bone formation in OI. Trabeculae are…
The Foot and Ankle: Congenital and Developmental Conditions
Fig. 15.1 Fibular ossicle in a 15-year-old boy. Apparent irregularity (arrow) along lateral fibular metaphysis on frontal view (a) has well-corticated margins (arrowheads) on oblique view (b). There is no…
The Spine: Congenital and Developmental Conditions
Fig. 3.1 Sclerotome division and reconvergence. Sclerotome division allows the spinal nerves to emerge from the neural tube and extend to the periphery (a). The sclerotome then reconverges to form…
Soft Tissue Masses
Usual course: 8–10 months of rapid growth shortly after birth followed by involution US High vascular density (5 vessels/cm2) Many surrounding vessels have low-resistance waveforms Usually hypoechoic and well defined…
