Congenital Vascular Syndromes and Diseases
Fig. 1 “Ivy sign” within the leptomeninges on T2 FLAIR (thin arrows) and white matter changes related to silent ischemia often seen in watershed areas (thick arrows) Fig. 2 An…
Pediatric Vascular Malformations
Vascular malformations Vascular tumors Low-flow malformations Benign Lymphatic malformations Infantile hemangioma Venous malformations Congenital hemangioma Capillary malformations Tufted angiomas Spindle-cell hemangioma Epithelioid hemangioma Pyogenic granuloma High-flow malformations Locally aggressive/borderline Arteriovenous…
Endovascular Treatment of Brain Aneurysms
Fig. 1 Fedor Serbinenko, the Russian neurosurgeon that conceived the idea of detachable balloons (a) and developed the technique of their use. Historical picture of latex detachable balloons (b). The…
Pediatric Stroke
Fig. 1 Age distribution of cases with childhood arterial ischemic stroke (n = 96) (From Mallick et al. [1] with permission) Studies that included neonates have reported higher incidence rates…
Hemorrhagic Stroke
Fig. 1 Hounsfield densities. Cerebrospinal fluid has an HU of 0 (white arrow). White matter has an HU of 25–34 (open white arrow). Gray matter has an HU of 30–40…
Brain Arteriovenous Malformations
Fig. 1 A 29-year-old female presented to the ER with severe headaches. She was found to have a small paramedian right parietal intracerebral hemorrhage. Sagittal CTA (a) shows an enlarged…
Carotid Cavernous Fistula
Fig. 1 Venous drainage pathways. (a) Frontal projection and (b) lateral projection of a right internal carotid artery angiogram demonstrating a direct right-sided CCF with bilateral venous drainage via the…
Spinal Vascular Imaging: Technique
Name of the artery [2] Vascularization Radicular (or radiculomeningeal) arteries (0.2–0.8 mm) Nerve root, dura mater Anterior radiculomedullary arteries (6–8) and the great radiculomedullary artery (0.5–1.0 mm) Join the ASA…
Intracranial Atherosclerosis
Fig. 1 Intracranial atherosclerotic stenoses diagnosed by transcranial Doppler imaging (TCDI) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). (a) DSA (center), 58 % stenosis of the M1 segment of the middle cerebral…
Essentials of Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound
Artery Depth (mm) Window Flow direction Transducer orientation MFV (cm/s) Ophthalmic artery 40–50 Orbital Toward Slightly medial 16–26 Middle cerebral artery (MCA) 35–60 Temporal Toward En face 46–86 Anterior cerebral…
