Sedation/anxiolysis for pediatric imaging
Most pediatric imaging procedures do not require sedation. There are patients, though, who will require some level of sedation in order to obtain a meaningful imaging study. The reasons for…
ALARA principles
Exposure to ionizing radiation Exposure to ionizing radiation is a natural consequence of living on Earth. We are exposed to ionizing radiation from the Earth beneath our feet, from the…
Imaging modalities in the pediatric patient: How to choose
To image or not to image? Quality in health care, as defined by the U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, is “doing the right thing for the right patient,…
Functional Brain Anatomy
Knowledge of functional neuroanatomy is essential to design the most appropriate clinical functional MR imaging (fMR imaging) paradigms and to properly interpret fMR imaging study results. The correlation between neuroanatomy…
Adult Primary Brain Neoplasm, Including 2016 World Health Organization Classification
In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) central nervous system (CNS) classification scheme incorporated molecular parameters in addition to traditional microscopic features for the first time. Molecular markers add a…
Resting State Functional MR Imaging of Language Function
Resting state functional MR imaging methods can provide localization of the language system; however, presurgical functional localization of the language system with task-based functional MR imaging is the current standard…
Utility of Preoperative Blood-Oxygen-Level–Dependent Functional MR Imaging in Patients with a Central Nervous System Neoplasm
Functional neuroimaging provides means to understand the relationship between brain structure and associated functions. Functional MR (fMR) imaging can offer a unique insight into preoperative planning for central nervous system…
Dynamic Brain Connectivity in Resting State Functional MR Imaging
Dynamic functional connectivity adds another dimension to resting-state functional MR imaging analysis. In recent years, dynamic functional connectivity has been increasingly used in resting-state functional MR imaging, and several studies…
Methods of Analysis
There are many technical and nontechnical steps involved in a successful clinical functional MRI (fMRI) scan. The output from scanning and analysis can only be as good as the input,…
The Problem of Neurovascular Uncoupling
Neurovascular uncoupling (NVU) is one of the most important confounds of blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMR imaging) in the setting of focal brain lesions such…
