Molecular Imaging
Molecular imaging (MI) allows noninvasive visualization and quantification of functions occurring at the cellular or molecular level. This can involve several different techniques ( Table 5.1 ), but tagging a…
Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography, Positron Emission Tomography, and Hybrid Imaging
Data Acquisition of Emission Tomographyn Conventional or planar radionuclide imaging suffers a major limitation in the loss of object contrast as a result of background radioactivity. In the planar image,…
Radiopharmaceuticals
An unstable atom that undergoes radioactive decay in order to achieve stability is known as a radionuclide. The radiation these atoms emit can sometimes be used in medical imaging and…
Radioactivity and Radionuclides
In nuclear medicine, radiopharmaceuticals given to the patient emit the radiation used to create images or perform therapy. In order to understand how these agents perform and what safety considerations…
Radiation Detection & Ancillary Instrumentation
The passage of radiation, such as x-rays and gamma rays, through a given material leads to ionizations and excitations that can be used to quantify the amount of energy deposited….
Vascular Anatomy of the Abdominal Aorta and the Inferior Vena Cava
Abdominal Aorta The abdominal aorta continues from the thoracic aorta as it passes posterior to the median arcuate ligament and between the crura of the diaphragm (aortic hiatus), in front…
Congenital Vascular Anomalies: Classification and Terminology
Vascular anomalies are a complex group of developmental abnormalities due to inborn errors of vasculogenesis or angiogenesis that present significant challenges in diagnosis and management. Because of the rarity and…
Management of High-Flow Vascular Anomalies
Vascular anomalies are often poorly managed for a number of reasons: they are uncommon (other than the true infantile hemangioma), their mode of presentation is extremely variable, their classification has…
Management of Low-Flow Vascular Malformations
The goal of sclerotherapy is to obliterate abnormal channels by damaging the endothelium, thereby resulting in subsequent inflammation and fibrosis. Venous malformations (VMs) are caused by abnormal development of the…
Endovascular Aortic Repair
Clinical Relevance Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) occur in approximately 5% to 10% of the male population older than 65 years, and the incidence increases with advancing age. The risk of…
