10.1055/b-0034-87915 The Pediatric Vertebral Column: Anomalies of the Intervertebral Foramina Table 4.85 Enlarged intervertebral foramen Diagnosis Findings Comments Normal The widest cervical vertebral foramina are usually at C2-C3 level. Congenital…
10.1055/b-0034-87916 The Pediatric Vertebral Column: Alterations in Bone Structure Increased Density Generalized Increased Density Please note that humans are not densitometers; we are only recognizers of interfaces. Plain image recognition…
10.1055/b-0034-87910 The Temporal Bone: Syndromes Associated With Ear Anomalies A large number of syndromes are associated with ear anomalies, with different importance. The list is too long to repeat here….
10.1055/b-0034-87909 The Temporal Bone: Congenital Anomalies During embryonic development, the external and middle ear are derived from the first and second branchial groove and pouch. The inner ear is derived…
10.1055/b-0034-87908 The Temporal Bone: Normal Variants Knowledge of normal variants prevents confusion and a possible incorrect diagnosis. Normal variants are also important to report if they can cause a risk…
10.1055/b-0034-87917 The Pediatric Vertebral Column: The Spinal Canal and Its Contents Localized Spinal Stenosis Caused by Bony Changes See page 442 for generalized stenosis. Standard investigation includes radiographs in at…
10.1055/b-0034-87914 The Pediatric Vertebral Column: Anomalies of the Spinal Canal and Neural Arches Narrowing of the Spinal Canal (Spinal Stenosis) Narrowing of the spinal canal may be generalized and thus…
10.1055/b-0034-87912 The Pediatric Vertebral Column The vertebral column consists of 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, and 5 lumbar levels, as well as 5 sacral segments and a few coccygeal levels. The…
10.1055/b-0034-87895 The Skull Base The skull base is one of the most complex regions of the human body because of its intricate network of neural, vascular, and lymphatic structures. An…
10.1055/b-0034-87891 Sutures and Fontanelles: Widened Sutures as a Symptom of Defective Ossification In this instance, no signs of increased ICP are present. Usually, the suture has sharp edges without prominent…
