Osseous Trauma
How to Image Osseous Trauma • Coils and patient position: The patient should be placed in a comfortable position with passive restraints, such as tape or Velcro straps, applied to…
Arthritis and Cartilage
How to Image Arthritis and Cartilage • Coils and patient position: Which joint is being imaged determines which coil and which position are used. In the knee, the standard extremity…
Musculoskeletal Infections
How to Image Infection ( Box 5-1 ) Musculoskeletal infections affect bones, soft tissues, and joints. Infection often is considered a therapeutic emergency, and MRI is used to determine the…
Temporomandibular Joint
How to Image the Temporomandibular Joint See the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) protocols at the end of the chapter. • Coils and patient position: Small surface coils are used, generally with…
Basic Principles of Musculoskeletal MRI
Although a detailed understanding of nuclear physics is not necessary to interpret magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, it also is unacceptable to read passively whatever images you are given without…
Abdominal Aorta and Branches
The abdominal aorta and its primary branches are involved in many diseases and conditions that affect large and medium-sized arteries. Traditional evaluation of the abdominal aorta relied on catheter aortography;…
Valves: Echocardiography
Aortic Valve The normal aortic valve has three cusps: the right, left, and noncoronary cusps ( Fig. 34-1 , A and B ). A bicuspid aortic valve occurs in 2%…
Valves: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Echocardiography is the primary imaging method for the evaluation of patients suspected of having valvular dysfunction because this modality is relatively inexpensive, fast, and available in most hospitals. Its temporal…
Vascular Anomalies
The current classification of vascular anomalies into vascular tumors and vascular malformations and their subtypes has been used by the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) since…
