Anatomy of the Intracranial Visual Pathways
Intracranial anatomy is highly complex and well beyond the scope of this book. However, a number of structures are closely related to visual function and form the neural pathways for…
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Magnetism is a property of matter. It results from electrons orbiting around atoms, and these spinning electrons cause the atom to have a magnetic moment. The magnetic field strength is…
Anatomy of the Orbit
The skull is composed of two segments, the cranium and the face. The cranium is the major portion and it consists of three unpaired bones, the sphenoid, occipital, and ethmoid…
Computed Tomography
In 1895 the German physicist Wilhem Konrad Röntgen discovered X-rays. He was awarded the first Nobel Prize in physics in 1901 for this discovery. Medical imaging based on this technology…
Aortic Diseases
Key Points ▪ CT scanning is the dominant imaging test for the assessment of acute aortic diseases. ▪ Without ECG-gating, motion artifacts are still a problem for assessment of the…
Pulmonary Embolism and Other Pulmonary Artery Lesions
Key Points ▪ CT scanning is currently the de facto test of choice to identify pulmonary embolism. ▪ CT scanning should be used within a clinically based cost-conscious algorithm to…
Noncoronary/Noncardiac Lesions
Key Points ▪ Cardiac CT scans may encounter a wide spectrum of noncoronary/noncardiac lesions, in both the chest and upper abdomen, of widely ranging clinical relevance. ▪ The incidence of…
Caval Anatomy: Variants and Lesions
Key Points ▪ Contrast-enhanced CT scanning is well suited to imaging congenital anatomic variants of the cavae as well as caval pathologies, including caval thrombi, tumors, obstructions, and occlusions. ▪…
Simple Congenital Heart Disease
Key Points ▪ Although echocardiography plus MRI is still the best overall modality for the evaluation of complex congenital heart lesions, especially postoperatively, there are exceptions. ▪ As children and…
Assessment of Peripheral Vascular Diseases
Key Points ▪ Contrast-enhanced CT scanning has developed to afford excellent noninvasive angiography, and also affords imaging of organs and other structures, unlike conventional angiography. ▪ Atherosclerotic calcium can be…
