Key Facts • Fanconi syndrome and renal tubular acidosis are infrequent causes of osteomalacia and rickets. • Imaging manifestations include nephrocalcinosis. FANCONI SYNDROME Fanconi syndrome includes a heterogeneous group of…
Key Facts • Hypophosphatasia is an autosomal recessive disorder. • Radiographic findings of osteomalacia or rickets are present without abnormalities of vitamin D metabolism. • High levels of phosphoethanolamine are…
Key Facts • DiGeorge’s syndrome, type I autoimmune polyglandular syndrome, X-linked or autosomally inherited hypoparathyroidism, and PTH gene mutations are the most frequent causes of congenital hypoparathyroidism. • Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP)…
Key Facts • MRI has superior contrast resolution to CT. • CT, unlike MRI, can directly image trabecular and cortical bone. • Computed tomography (CT) has greater spatial resolution than…
Key Facts • Pedal complications are very common in the diabetic population due to neurologic and vascular disease and cause significant morbidity. • Neuropathic arthropathy results from a combination of…
Key Facts • Muscle is a dynamic tissue that can be subject to direct and indirect traumatic injuries. • Type 1 muscle fibers contain more numerous mitochondria, enabling longer, sustained…
Key Facts • Peripheral nerves are vulnerable to compression at sites of fibrous and fibroosseous tunnels. • Early diagnosis is important because early nerve injuries may be reversible, whereas late…
Key Facts • Specific terminology, available on the Internet, has been developed based on anatomy and pathology to describe lumbar spine disorders. • Bony excrescences from the vertebrae have subtle…
Key Facts • Characteristics of fatigue fractures include: (1) the activity is new or different for the individual; (2) it is strenuous; and (3) the activity is repeated with a…
Key Facts • Intraarticular contrast injection under image guidance can be combined with radiography to evaluate intraarticular structures or with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to provide…
