Tissue Harmonic Imaging Technical Aspects Fundamental frequency is the original frequency of the acoustic beam emitted from the transducer. Harmonic wave generation is an acoustic phenomenon. Harmonic waves are integer…
Elastography Principle Physicians have long used the technique of palpation in the clinical setting. The underlying principle of palpation lies in the ability to feel stiffer tissue in the background…
Technical Aspects Contrast agents enhance the visualization of vascular structures as well as pathologic tissues, which appear more prominent against the background of normal tissue. Development of novel contrast agents…
Fluoroscopy is a type of imaging technique in which real-time movements of body organs and radiopaque contrast material are visualized. During a fluoroscopic examination, the operator or radiologist controls the…
Technical Aspects A plain abdominal radiograph must be read with a complete knowledge of the clinical situation. The patient’s history and results of the physical examination and laboratory studies are…
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen Key Points Neurosonography of the fetus and the neonate is an informative and noninvasive as well as inexpensive modality that is of great benefit in…
8.0 INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH TO SUSPECTED SKELETAL DYSPLASIAS The overall incidence of a lethal skeletal dysplasia is 1/10,000. A detailed fetal anatomic survey is required to satisfactorily…
KEY POINTS Print Section Listen KEY POINTS Failure of closure of the neural tube during neurulation results in neural tube defects. Neurulation, both primary and secondary, are completed by approximately…
6.1 ANAL ATRESIA Print Section Listen EPIDEMIOLOGY/GENETICS Definition Anal atresia is the congenital absence of an anal opening. Epidemiology Occurrence is 1 5000 births (M3:F2). Embryology Anal atresia results from…
