Fig. 4.1 Schematic representation of the main molecular mechanisms involved in the antisecretory effects of somatostatin analogs. cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate; Gi G inhibitory protein; SST somatostatin; PKA protein kinase A…
Fig. 9.1 PNET angiogenesis. Angiogenesis in PNET is primarily made from endothelial cells covered by pericytes. Endothelial cells are dependent on VEGF and VEGFR for maintenance and survival. Pericytes are dependent…
Fig. 3.1 Target pathways for antiangiogenic therapy in NETs. Image depicts the cellular and molecular components that drive angiogenesis in NETs (tumor cells, endothelial cells, pericytes, and extracellular matrix). Furthermore, in…
Study Tumor N Treatment Crossover (%) Prior CT (%) Prior SSA (%) Concurrent SSA (%) ORR (%) P PFS (m) HR P OS HR P NCT00428597 Pancreatic NETs 171 Sunitinib…
Fig. 10.1 Key factors for successful therapy management with targeted agents [5] Adverse Event Management Targeted therapies such as sunitinib and everolimus have distinct typical adverse event profiles which differ to…
Fig. 8.1 Upstream activation of the mTOR signaling pathway and consequences of mTORC1 inhibition using everolimus in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors Illustrations Genetic diseases associated with the development of digestive neuroendocrine tumors.Neuroendocrine…
Grade Mitotic per 10 high-power microscopic fields (HPF) Proliferative index/Ki-67 index (%) Low grade (G1) <2 ≤2 Intermediate grade (G2) 2–20 3–20 High grade (G3) >20 >20 Aim of Surgery…
18. Zitzmann K, Ruden JV, Brand S et al (2010) Compensatory activation of Akt in response to mTOR and Raf inhibitors—a rationale for dual-targeted therapy approaches in neuroendocrine tumor disease….
Publication Chemotherapy Number of patients RR (%) PFS (months) OS (months) P value For RCT for OS Broder and Carter [1] STZ 52 50 – – Moertel et al. [16] STZ 42…
8 Treatment Concepts and Results Carotid-T Occlusion G. Fesl Introduction The intracranial bifurcation of the internal carotid artery (ICA), called the carotid terminus (carotid T), plays a central role in…
