15 Evaluation of Hand and Finger Masses Aaron J. Wyse ♦ Setup Probe Selection • A high-frequency linear transducer (12-17 MHz) should be used. This results in: ○ High image…

1 Basic Tenets of Upper Extremity Ultrasound Carol L. Andrews and Andrew C. Cordle The ultrasound transducer (probe) contains piezoelectric crystals that generate highpitched sound waves (Fig. 1.1) and transmits…

10 Evaluation of Collateral Ligaments Andrew C. Cordle Ulnar Collateral Ligament ♦ Setup • The patient is seated in a chair with the arm placed on a table between the…

8 Evaluation of Nerves of the Elbow and Forearm David S. Mills and Eric R. Helm Evaluation of Pronator Syndrome ♦ Setup • The patient should be seated beside the…

12 Shoulder Examination Kevin Kruse ♦ Setup • The patient should be seated on a rotating stool facing the ultrasound screen. • The examiner stands behind the patient so that…

7 Evaluation of Wrist Joints Angel Checa Ultrasonography is a suitable imaging modality to evaluate wrist joints. Ultrasound exploration of the wrist is very helpful in the detection of synovitis,…

2 Image Optimization in Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Imaging Nandkumar M. Rawool ♦ Transducer • Within an ultrasound transducer is a piezoelectric element (lead zirconate titanate). Piezoelectric elements convert electric voltage into…

9 Evaluation of Lateral Epicondylitis John R. Fowler Jr. ♦ Setup • The patient should be seated, facing the operator, with the elbow resting on the table (Fig. 9.1). •…

3 Trigger Finger Brian M. Jurbala ♦ Setup • The patient is seated facing the examiner with the hand resting supinated on the examination table. • Alternatively, the patient can…

6 First Dorsal Compartment Tendonitis Aaron G. Grand ♦ Setup • The patient is seated, facing the operator, with the forearm resting on the table (Fig.6.1). • The forearm should…