Figure 5.1 Goitrous thyroid in congenital hypothyroidism . Axial CT images (a–c) show a massively enlarged thyroid (arrows) in a 5-month-old with a TSH over 300. Full ultrasonic visualization of…

Figure 9.1 Superior parathyroid adenoma seen in longitudinal view. Indentation sign. (a) Upper PA, craniocaudal view, note indentation. (b) Upper PA, note indentation sign, and long pencil shape. (c) Small…

Figure 4.1 Ultrasound console units are manufactured in numerous versions. Shown here are the clinic- or radiology-based platform (a) and the portable, laptop-sized unit that can be mounted on a…

Figure. 3.1 Illustration of the Doppler shift . When a moving target reflects a sound, the frequency of the reflected sound wave is altered. The frequency is shifted up by…

Ultrasound pattern Estimated risk of malignancy (%) FNA size threshold High suspicion >70–90 ≥1 cm (repeat FNA within 12 months if initial cytology is benign) Intermediate suspicion 10–20 ≥1 cm…

Figure 13.1 Ultrasound image of a three-fiber thyroid nodule laser ablation in a transverse US B-mode scan. Laser marks are seen as anechoic spots surrounded by hyperechoic rims. These are…

  Median sensitivity (range) Median specificity (range) Hypoechoic c/w surrounding thyroid [6–12, 14, 15, 17–20] 81% (48–90%) 53% (36–92%) Marked hypoechogenicity c/w strap muscle [13, 18, 20] 41% (27–59%) 94%…

Figure 16.1 (a–d) Three dif ferent strain elastography images of a solid isoechoic right thyroid nodule measuring 37 × 17 × 18 mm; FNAB was positive for PTC. The result…

Figure 14.1 Types of cystic and mixed thyroid nodules: (a) a unilocular, “pure” thyroid cyst of the left lobe that appears anechoic (B-mode US, transverse view); (b) a multilocular (in…

Figure 10.1 Embryologic origin of parathyroid glands can be suspected from the positioning of the enlarged parathyroid relative to the inferior thyroid (ITA) and superior thyroid (STA) arteries. This type…