Anomalous Renal Size
10.1055/b-0034-87876 Anomalous Renal Size Unilateral Small Kidneys A kidney is small if it is > 2 standard deviations (SDs) below normal size for age. Causes may be congenital, secondary to…
Pelvicaliceal System
10.1055/b-0034-87880 Pelvicaliceal System Table 3.12 Dilatation of the entire PC system Diagnosis Findings Comments UPJ obstruction (see UPJ obstruction, Table 3.5 ) Intrinsic ureteral obstruction Plain X-ray: calculus (but 30%…
The Adrenal Glands: Adrenal Masses
10.1055/b-0034-87883 The Adrenal Glands: Adrenal Masses Masses can be cystic ( Table 3.25 ) or solid ( Table 3.26 ). An adrenal mass in a fetus is usually a neuroblastoma,…
The Scrotum and Testes
10.1055/b-0034-87881 The Scrotum and Testes The testes are located in the scrotum in 90% of full-term infants. When not in the scrotum, they are usually to be found within the…
The Adrenal Glands
10.1055/b-0034-87882 The Adrenal Glands The adrenal glands are Z-shaped ( Fig. 3.67a ) unless there is absence or ectopia of the adjacent kidney, in which case they are discoid (…
Liver: Differential Diagnosis of Hepatic Diseases
10.1055/b-0034-87861 Liver: Differential Diagnosis of Hepatic Diseases Diffuse Parenchymal Disease Table 2.1 Nonhomogeneous liver parenchyma Diagnosis Findings Comments Cirrhosis: Regenerative changes in biliary atresia, chronic active hepatitis, cystic fibrosis, hepatic…
The Gastrointestinal Tract: Duodenum
10.1055/b-0034-87868 The Gastrointestinal Tract: Duodenum Table 2.41 The duodenum mucosal wall changes and filling defects Diagnosis Findings Comments Duodenitis Fig. 2.76 Coarse and transverse thickening of the folds. Involvement of…
The Gastrointestinal Tract: Colon
10.1055/b-0034-87870 The Gastrointestinal Tract: Colon Endoscopy with biopsy and/or microbiological investigation is a definitive tool for the diagnosis of colonic diseases, whether inflammatory or tumoral. However, imaging techniques remain essential…
Pancreas: Differential Diagnosis of Pancreatic Diseases
10.1055/b-0034-87863 Pancreas: Differential Diagnosis of Pancreatic Diseases Sonography is the modality of choice for the initial evaluation of suspected pancreatic disease in children because ionizing radiation is not involved and…
The Acute Abdomen
10.1055/b-0034-87873 The Acute Abdomen Table 2.68 The acute abdomen in infants, toddlers, and older children Diagnosis Findings Comments Appendicitis Fig. 2.138a, b Fig. 2.139 Fig. 2.140 Fig. 2.141, p. 230…
