Theory and Basics
Frequency (MHz) Resolution (mm) Depth (mm) Axial Lateral 3.5 7 2 160 5 0.6 1.2 100 7.5 0.4 0.8 50 The higher the frequency, the better the resolution; lateral resolution…
US of the Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract
Fig. 9.1 CDS for documentation. CDS demonstrates patency of pyloric canal after feeding: red coded influx of stomach content into duodenum (note colour map in left upper corner of US…
Spleen and Pancreas
(a) Graph demonstrating standard measurements plains (b) Maximal normal spleen length (mm) in neonates, correlated with body weight (kg) (c) Normal spleen volume (ml) during childhood correlated to body height…
Ultrasound of the Neck
Fig. 4.1 Schematic drawing of relevant cervical vessels with respective flow patterns on Doppler US, (a) arterial and (b) venous Rarely target more peripheral vessels (e.g. query vascular malformation, temporal…
Small Part and Hip Ultrasound
Fig. 11.1 Graf standard plane. (a) Schematic drawing of relevant structures, lines and angles for hip US according to Graf. (b) Typical corresponding US image (standardised projection – upright position,…
Liver and Bile System
Fig. 7.1 Standard liver measurements and liver segments: (a) Liver anatomy with liver segments (I–VIII), relevant liver vessels for anatomical classification (portal vein, hepatic vein, inferior vena cava) and standard…
Basics of Paediatric Echocardiography
, Bernd Heinzl1 and Michael Riccabona2 (1) Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 34/2, Graz, 8036, Austria (2) Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of…
Ultrasound of the Chest
Fig. 6.1 Diaphragm and diaphragmatic motion: (a) Normal diaphragmatic respiratory motion on M-Mode – the echogenic border represents air-filled base of lung, not diaphragm itself, the inhomogeneous spots are minimal…
Ultrasound-Guided Interventions
Fig. 2.1 Diagnostic US saline enema. (a) Tube inserted, colon filled and distended with saline. (b) Increasing filling of more proximal bowel loops after advancing tube under constant saline irrigation….
of the Chest Wall
Fig. 1 Normal variant of clavicles in a 15-year-old boy with fever of unknown origin. a Chest radiograph; close-up view of upper median aspect shows irregular sclerosis of right medial clavicular…
